螳螂捶(中英文)

螳螂拳是合十八家短打精华融为一体的、技法精密、在武林中影响巨大的一门拳种。笔者曾跟师父学习七星、六合，跟师伯隆昌权先生学习梅花螳螂拳。虽然这两种拳法均不是本门正统的拳术，但时常习之，于技击一道帮助很大。师父最喜欢用“十二捶”（注：即周身七拳）；师伯习惯用“四通捶”，均各有所长。今综合平时练习之心得，整理出六式，仅供螳螂拳技击爱好者们参考。

　　1.底漏捶：敌我双方相峙而立（图1），当对方前滑步用左直拳朝我方面部击打而来时，我方迅疾后退左脚一步，右手成裹臂式，用右小臂格敌左腕部外侧，将其攻势化解（图2）。紧随着，左手上翻，穿绕于敌左臂外侧反划，空出右手朝敌左腋下软肋抖拳击打，将其致残于地（图3）。

　　要点：底漏捶，实质就是螳螂拳中较为著名的“勾搂采手”；在目前世面比较热门的“截拳道勾漏手”就是从此而演化的。这一招的用法没有固定的框架，完全靠灵活运用，只要了解了底漏的含义，于实战中就能见势化势。有一点需注意的是，不管用哪一只手先作防御，另一只手都是紧跟着，前手一旦接触敌手，后手立即跟上，前手就能空出击敌；发拳的方式以弹抖劲为主，也就是“寸劲”。

　　2.锁口捶：敌我双方相峙而立（图4）。我方螳螂勾自然晃动，以诱敌方注意力的同时，右脚猛前上一步接近对方，左勾成掌直扑敌面部。假如敌方用双手阻住我方的左掌，化去我方的攻击力时（图5），左脚跟步，左掌运劲与敌较力，以作迷惑之状，右拳弹射而出，直奔敌唇上人中穴部位，致使其晕仆于地（图6）。

　　要点：螳螂拳中有“八打”、“八不打”之说，实际都是人体要害部位，八打者只能令其昏倒，八不打则皆致命。锁口捶的打法比较奇特，所击部位不要担心打不准，偏上可击鼻，偏下可击咽喉，只要招式用上，均可致敌仆跌。出拳的方法以螳螂“四通捶”的进步穿捶为主要进攻方式。

　　3.压顶捶：敌我双方相峙而立（图7）。当对方前滑步用左直拳朝我方面部击打而来，在我方见其势凶猛而不可硬碰时，迅速左脚朝右前侧方上步，右偏身避闪其锋芒的同时，左手反划，用螳螂爪挂击其左腕臂外侧（图8）。动作不停，左手下压劲，右脚绕步上进于敌方裆前的同时，右手成盖捶直劈敌头顶百会穴（图9）。

　　要点：此招也称“力劈华山”，本为力大劲猛的招术；但是，于实战时得以巧妙取之才行，如一味猛攻直撞，则有失螳螂以巧制胜的风格；此招中之妙法重在用“螳螂爪”挂击上，此螳螂爪并非是在形状上，而在于功力。少林七十二艺中有一艺称为“螳螂功”，功成能勾腕打死人，纯熟短寸之劲；所以，在这一招中用此法都易将敌腕打折，并且是用“闪”法对敌，紧随而上的压顶捶就轻而易举地用上了。

　　4.撩裆捶：敌我双方对峙而立（图10）。当对方左垫步用右腿朝我方腰腹部踹击而来时；我方迅疾后撤步挪身避开（图11），如果对方右腿落空乘势拥身落步，右手直拳猛击向我方面部而来，见此机，我方立即起身左旋体，左手反踏格弹敌右腕内侧，将其攻势阻截住（图12）。紧随着，左脚进步，贴身靠近的同时，右手抖拳击打敌裆部（图13）。

　　要点：撩阴捶的用力方法重在一个脆、冷、弹、抖之劲上，据笔者了解，目前世面流行的门派的用力方法都大同小异，而本门（流通门）所擅长的用劲方法尚属少见，就连螳螂门中的用劲，均没有。

　　5.摘颏捶：敌我双方对峙而立（图14）。当对方上右步拥身用右摆拳朝我方头部左侧贯击而来时；我方迅疾后退右步，矮身避过（图15）。如果对方见拳落空而乘机发出左鞭腿踢向我右腹腰而来时；我方立即前移左步，提起右膝拦阻截住其左鞭踢的同时，左手前推拦其右臂，右手成提勾拳猛击向对方下颏，旋钻劲将敌击跌（图16）。

　　要点：摘颏捶的发挥必须要在贴身时方行，在远距离时是发挥不了的。所以，不管敌方是进攻或退避，我方均不可轻易冒然发拳，要在周旋中寻找战机，团身而上贴靠住敌身，继而才能发出摘颏一拳。在发这一拳时的劲力并非只一提钻劲便完事，最重要的还在旋钻推一法上。

　　6.迎面捶：敌我双方对峙而立（图17）。当对方前滑步接近我方的同时，右直拳击向我方面部而来；见此，我方速后撤右脚一步的同时，上提穿右拳，格化于敌右腕臂外侧（图18）。紧随着，右拳反压其臂，左脚反压其臂，左脚进步之际，左拳直弹射向对方面部，如果敌抬左拳架阻住我左拳的攻击时（图19）。我方左拳猛压劲，抖出右拳再度其面部，以连环性的出击打跌对方（图20）。

　　要点：迎面捶乃梅花螳螂的代表佳作，一出手就是五点梅花，耀眼夺目；不管对方防守不守，跟上去就是“砰砰”五拳击打面部，出手快如闪电，在不移步的情况就打翻敌方。

　　Mantis fighting skills absorbed the essence of many approaching-body fighting skills and is one of the great martial arts. The writer of the article once studied Seven-star Fighting Skills and Six-coordinating Skills from his master， and studied Plum-blossom Mantis Fighting Skills from the brother of his master’s. Though the above skills are not the main parts in Mantis Fighting Skills， the writer often practices them and finds them helpful to improve one’s fighting skills. His master likes using Twelve Punching Skills while the brother of his master’s love using Four Punching Skills. Each of them has their own strong points. Now， the writer makes a comprehensive survey of his daily practice and show out the six ways of using Mantis Fighting Skills to the readers and martial fans.

　　A. Hitting Ribs Part

　　Stand facing the opponent . When the opponent steps up to hit your face with the left fist， you can quickly move the left foot back one step， use the fore arm on the right to block his left wrist from the outside， prevent his attack . The n， raise the left hand swiftly to catch his from the outside， and free the right hand to hit the part below the ribs on the left side. This will hurt the opponent seriously .

　　Key points： The essence of Blocking Arm and Hitting Ribs Part is same as the skill of Hooking Hand and Hitting. At present， the Hooking Hand and Hitting skill in the famous fighting skills——Blocking Fighting Skills is derived from this posture. There is no firm form of this posture. When using it， try toy understand its real meaning and use it flexibly. Then， it will be effective in the actual fighting. Note： whichever hand is used to defend in the fighting， the other one should follow the former one closely to take over it and the n， the former one can be used to hit the opponent with the explosive strength.

　　B. Palm Hitting Philtrum

　　Stand facing the opponent . You can wave your mantis hooks in order to attract the opponent’s attention. Meanwhile， you suddenly move the right foot forward to close to him， and changes the left hook into palm and uses it to hit the opponent’s face. If he uses two hands to block your palm ， you can steps up your left foot， strengthen the left palm to puzzle him， and suddenly punch out your right fist to his philtrum part， try to hit him falling into faint .

　　Key points： In the Mantis Fighting Skills， there are sixteen points on the body， which are vital parts. Among them， eight can cause body faint， and the other eight can cause one’s death if they are hit. But Palm Hitting the Philtrum is special， because your punching can’t miss the aim. If your hitting is higher than the Philtrum， it will hit the opponent’s nose； if lower， it will hit his throat. All these can cause him falling down on the ground.

　　C. Fist Cutting Head

　　Stand facing the opponent . When the opponent moves his foot forward and uses the left fist to attack your face. Seeing his attacking is so powerful， you can quickly move the left foot up to the right side， move the body to the right side in order to avoid his attack， at the same time， move the left hook back to block and catch his left wrist or arm ， and press it down. Meanwhile， move the right fist to cut the top of his head .

　　Key points： This posture is also called Cutting the Mt. Huashan， because of its powerful cutting. But in the actual fighting， it should be used skillfully. If you only use the strength to fight， you will lose the essence of the Mantis Fighting Skills， that is， skillful fighting. The key point of the posture is using the left hook to catch and block his wrist. Of course， the hook can be effective or not more depending on the power. One of the Shoaling Temple Seventy two Fighting Arts is the mantis fighting power. If one can achieve the desired power， his hook can kill a person， because the power is skilled and fierce. So on the posture， the hook hitting may cause the breaking of his wrist， and make the fist cutting to be unavoidable.

　　D. Fist Hitting Crotch

　　Stand facing the opponent . When the opponent raises his right leg to kick your belly， you can quickly withdraw to avoid . If his leg falls down， and he uses the right fist to hit your face， you can turn your body towards the left at once， use the left hand to block his right wrist from its inside part， try to fail his attack . Then， you should move the left foot upward to approach his body， and use the right fist to hit his crotch part heavily .

　　Key points： Power of the right fist hitting should be fierce， unexpected and powerful. This kind of power is rare and special in the other martial arts. The ways of power using in today popular fighting skills are similar. No one has the way of power using same as the power in the Mantis Fighting Skills. If there are some chances， I will write the relative article to introduce it.

　　E. Fist Hitting Chin

　　Stand facing the opponent . If the opponent turns his body and uses his right fist to attack your head from the left side， you can quickly move the right foot backward， lower your body to avoid it . After his fist attack fail， he may use the left leg to kick your belly. You can move the feet forward and raise the right kneel to block his leg， and push the left hand forward to block his right arm. And use the right fist to hit his chin. He will be hit down .

　　Key points： The right fist hitting can be used only at short range. If the distance is big， the hitting will be useless. No matter the opponent is attacking or defending， you should not use the posture rashly until you catch the best chance in the close distance. The power of the hitting should include the twisting power， the pushing power.

　　F. Fist Hitting Face Continually

　　Stand facing the opponent . When the opponent moves his foot forward to approach you， and uses the right fist to hit your face. You can quickly move the right foot back a step， and raise the right fist to block his wrist from the outside . Then， use the right fist to press his arm， the left hand press his the other arm， and move the left foot forward， then， suddenly punch the left fist up to hit his face. If he wants to raise the left fist to block your fist ， you can press his left fist with your left fist and suddenly punch his face again with the right fist. The continual hitting can punch him down .

　　Key points： Fists Hitting Face Continually is one of the typical fighting ways of Plum-Blossom Mantis Fighting Skills. No matter the opponent is attacking or defending， the practitioner will steps up and punches the opponent’s face with the continual fists hitting， as quickly as a lightning. These fists hitting is just like a plum blossom. At the state of not moving feet， the practitioner can defeat the opponent.